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喺咁大嘅經濟誘因下286Please respect copyright.PENANA7dXMkRfuMw
呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
首先傳嚟“好消息”嘅係西班牙286Please respect copyright.PENANAw9l9a19bPf
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跟住葡萄牙亦傳嚟捷報286Please respect copyright.PENANA974z6Asad8
華士古·達伽馬喺1498年繞過非洲最南端嘅好望角到達印度嘅西岸286Please respect copyright.PENANA95wmfLieEQ
從此葡萄牙就連上咗本身已經非常蓬勃嘅印度洋貿易網286Please respect copyright.PENANAW6jd1KYQKM
開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
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意大利航海家亞美利哥·韋斯普奇喺1506年到達南美洲最南面嘅巴塔哥尼亞286Please respect copyright.PENANAS8U0ajlHxn
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咁既然唔係亞洲286Please respect copyright.PENANAiBmiLwEB83
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好彩呢度啲生番唔知點解有好多黃金白銀286Please respect copyright.PENANAVtGjzuVaF2
唉唔理喇殺晒班生番攞晒啲黃金先再講啦286Please respect copyright.PENANAL44le8jiXJ
就係咁喺槍炮同病毒嘅幫助下286Please respect copyright.PENANAf0KOlmk607
美洲三大帝國同佢地九成以上嘅國民就灰飛煙滅喇286Please respect copyright.PENANALLiY9WfUjZ
不過當人又殺晒金又攞盡時286Please respect copyright.PENANACDO15Mis9j
西班牙佬面對咁大撻殖民地286Please respect copyright.PENANAhHRbBHy9mK
日常管理開墾探索全部都要人力財力286Please respect copyright.PENANAC6KjzTQJLj
攞到咁多地反而成為咗負累286Please respect copyright.PENANAGZM2KGzCGt
第一代日不落帝國最頂盛時期版圖286Please respect copyright.PENANA2gHo1t7xPz
西班牙國王菲臘二世喺葡萄牙王位繼承戰贏咗286Please respect copyright.PENANANspGqtejaT
吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多286Please respect copyright.PENANABIhttAQem4
雖然繞過鄂圖曼直接同東方交易286Please respect copyright.PENANAiGTpYB1LjA
可以食少幾浸中間人抽水286Please respect copyright.PENANAhCEye4gWJ9
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同環繞赤道一周差唔多286Please respect copyright.PENANAa8yqM1Vrs3
成個航程好彩嘅就一年鬆啲286Please respect copyright.PENANAWIFzhgVzVm
萬一有咩阻滯286Please respect copyright.PENANABZZqkljsnL
船隊趕唔切喺8月尾前趕到赤道286Please respect copyright.PENANAMvKH8yELWj
食唔到最後嗰浸由東非吹向印度嘅季候風呢286Please respect copyright.PENANAuig4GUXxHl
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成隊船要喺東非呆等半年286Please respect copyright.PENANAZfpzbzG7KJ
到下一年嘅春季起風先行得286Please respect copyright.PENANAjBuMhdhJ6a
跟住去到印度又要等到冬天286Please respect copyright.PENANA5ATKpSvSOD
啲季候風先會轉向吹去東非286Please respect copyright.PENANAiZ6DwrMBdH
前前後後成個航程會耽誤多足足一年286Please respect copyright.PENANAYOmm3vlWJy
而航程咁長咁耐真係咩事都可以發生286Please respect copyright.PENANAIZ54JZ4FvA
成程船又要驚風暴擱淺286Please respect copyright.PENANALXxGxMa7U4
又要驚海盜、壞血病等等等等286Please respect copyright.PENANAJ7si8lurng
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另外非洲沿岸設置大大小小上百個補給點同貿易站嘅防守維護開支286Please respect copyright.PENANALQdqNPxpue
加上佢個強鄰兼死敵西班牙又處處圍堵追擊286Please respect copyright.PENANAtaSDoT3Xy9
呢啲嘢加加埋埋都幾係嘢286Please respect copyright.PENANA3rClOZGo0D
對葡萄牙呢個小國嚟講286Please respect copyright.PENANAwEReeOdGBz
印度洋貿易呢嚿肥豬肉286Please respect copyright.PENANAyRNCuaI8u7
就算食到都消化不良啦286Please respect copyright.PENANAApf6udXuU8
15世紀葡萄牙喺非洲沿岸建立嘅貿易站286Please respect copyright.PENANA0MoMAZWPDb
成個印度洋嘅貿易航線完全取決於唔同時節嘅季候風向286Please respect copyright.PENANAuxpZwYdAoL
就咁睇呢種新興嘅殖民事業都幾惡搞286Please respect copyright.PENANA59ANOS573Y
不過正所謂辦法總比困難多286Please respect copyright.PENANAzGn7YIIYR4
呢對歡喜冤家都不約而同望向同一個地方:286Please respect copyright.PENANAsD5WOLaOby
非洲
當初搞咁多嘢286Please respect copyright.PENANAZeKbCoZ7k4
目的都係想得到香料茶葉甘蔗呢啲歐洲種唔到嘅農作物啫286Please respect copyright.PENANA1mbgU5eu6Q
咁既然新大陸嘅氣候同東方咁接近286Please respect copyright.PENANAdO0GA59EpN
話唔定可以攞嚟種番呢啲農產品㗎喎286Please respect copyright.PENANAmRo6ROghUo
雖然成個美洲啲生番都死得八八九九冇晒勞動力286Please respect copyright.PENANAOV2aSeJ5Ne
不過非洲啲黑鬼個個都大大隻隻咁286Please respect copyright.PENANAUlVXAYkxak
運啲過去美洲種嘢唔係就fit晒喇咩286Please respect copyright.PENANAYqIZTg9qhb
美洲有耕地286Please respect copyright.PENANARQhk1PaE18
非洲有人力286Please respect copyright.PENANABuY0YyYwO0
而歐洲就有槍炮、需求同野心286Please respect copyright.PENANAmAFEbqqNdN
就咁喺1525年歐洲人開始喺非洲捉啲黑鬼過美洲種嘢同開礦286Please respect copyright.PENANARpjslOoO5C
然後將各類原材料運返去歐洲加工賺錢286Please respect copyright.PENANAv4CvZxPmsm
再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼286Please respect copyright.PENANAHtaI5cXnzl
西班牙同葡萄牙開始賺取佢地以往無法想像嘅錢286Please respect copyright.PENANAKIKKbm24Iu
英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國286Please respect copyright.PENANACtkAZHLzYw
見到咁好賺就梗係叉隻腳埋嚟啦286Please respect copyright.PENANAXbH8SyQzv4
隨住呢種名為“三角貿易”嘅經濟模式盛行286Please respect copyright.PENANALtW4I7thiI
各國加速佔據非洲沿岸嘅各個河口海灣286Please respect copyright.PENANAzcittsR17V
務求搶奪更多嘅黑奴286Please respect copyright.PENANAAYfLmhslrK
由此激發各國投入人力物力286Please respect copyright.PENANARVQQz2RzXe
研究更先進更精密嘅航海儀器286Please respect copyright.PENANA4HlpkpyvAM
製造更多更大更快武裝更強嘅船286Please respect copyright.PENANAUEJCwpALLm
西方科技自始得到長足嘅發展286Please respect copyright.PENANAypNRxnN6hc
天文學、機械工程、物流、金融等等等等286Please respect copyright.PENANAUNz1I6TkZM
如果文藝復興係人類脫離愚昧嘅開端嘅話286Please respect copyright.PENANAU3BJVrP8Ot
咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易286Please respect copyright.PENANA8MWNmtZfbV
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲286Please respect copyright.PENANAGetrMAijOG為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度286Please respect copyright.PENANAuEtrqsYChS
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會有個疑問:286Please respect copyright.PENANA4Sghe2NMWQ
乜非洲冇地畀佢地種嘢咩?286Please respect copyright.PENANAeDZTBCMsGV
做乜嗰時啲歐洲佬咁撚笨柒286Please respect copyright.PENANA9UbNKCTEmB
要山長水遠由非洲運啲黑鬼過美洲呀286Please respect copyright.PENANAbtF1xpJjWb
呢樣正正就係今集要講嘅嘢286Please respect copyright.PENANAwf5huZ5Agf
歷史係由一連串唔相關嘅偶然所組成286Please respect copyright.PENANAnNzCJw8NC9
而家就講講喺17世紀一場教宗選舉286Please respect copyright.PENANAW6A3Qcqo8T
同一個喺南美安第斯山脈雨林嘅科學發現286Please respect copyright.PENANAeRSNIuQeZz
係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
1623年7月8號教宗額我略十五世病逝享年69歲286Please respect copyright.PENANAJjPotmM1WJ
哦唔緊要咁咪選過個囉286Please respect copyright.PENANAR9SAuFskuC
於是由54個樞機組成嘅樞機團286Please respect copyright.PENANAK5KUQ1wl36
喺7月16號舉行教宗選舉秘密會議286Please respect copyright.PENANAxPRVuleCzU
準備選出新教宗喇286Please respect copyright.PENANA7eGrDXUI5z
大公教樞機團選老坐示意圖286Please respect copyright.PENANAgU1n3mbcg7
自16世紀起286Please respect copyright.PENANAAZuoTvEwYy
呢個小圈子選舉286Please respect copyright.PENANAEFafVpZnNj
就畀波旁同哈布斯堡呢兩個大公教勢力操控286Please respect copyright.PENANAUV1SFHLecz
啲樞機會根據自己家族嘅利益286Please respect copyright.PENANAOKxSdSj5Nu
大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營286Please respect copyright.PENANAoHbEGLH1Qd
每次選辦事人時都會拗得面紅耳赤286Please respect copyright.PENANAxqFEwRlKox
有時仲會大打出手286Please respect copyright.PENANAZMHNu4c92i
好似1605年3月嗰次286Please respect copyright.PENANA1hX1gPpN2b
就有個樞機開會時畀人開拖打斷咗幾條骨286Please respect copyright.PENANA9eCG81352x
今次個競爭一樣係咁激烈286Please respect copyright.PENANAudpcwyPC62
不過呢個唔係今集重點286Please respect copyright.PENANAVkKKcdrCZv
所以就唔花太多篇幅去講喇286Please respect copyright.PENANAb5JEAHxEi8
我直接講個結果:286Please respect copyright.PENANAJs9xeS8cEj
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗286Please respect copyright.PENANAbVHJ1qvUyi
法號伍朋八世286Please respect copyright.PENANAWSYRoEgI7G
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員286Please respect copyright.PENANAI6xre0f4ix
…286Please respect copyright.PENANAjUAcxfuVEQ
..286Please respect copyright.PENANAR5gvGkSa0k
.286Please respect copyright.PENANATbjQz1XeKk
開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???286Please respect copyright.PENANATuaadPWpin
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦286Please respect copyright.PENANAyOlqRahsBk
佢地其實係病死嘅286Please respect copyright.PENANA4yb0QUu6fa
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"286Please respect copyright.PENANAppGZX19k4V
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇286Please respect copyright.PENANAw5v2ZWoPH8
舊時啲人唔知瘧疾係由蚊傳播286Please respect copyright.PENANAwE0KYmRQKU
佢地只係知每當天氣熱時286Please respect copyright.PENANAiqPYVzpBdy
沼澤腐爛動植物嘅氣味286Please respect copyright.PENANASzK69QPHVn
係會令人發燒同病死286Please respect copyright.PENANAKXHl8n5SBf
呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
中國古籍記載喺嶺南雲貴川地區嘅"瘴氣"其實都係指瘧疾286Please respect copyright.PENANAxsygE3CnKY
呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
自古羅馬帝國喺布匿戰爭消滅北非嘅迦太基後286Please respect copyright.PENANAVzzoIMbmIF
羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘286Please respect copyright.PENANAYidWNul8dk
以及戰俘身體入面嘅瘧疾病原體286Please respect copyright.PENANAdGE2G5i5Cd
帶返去羅馬本土喇286Please respect copyright.PENANAK3kHSaReKT
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶286Please respect copyright.PENANAUZNOXFpHhB
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖286Please respect copyright.PENANAZ4Gdhz1gUH
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地286Please respect copyright.PENANA03GHFQuh8H
自此瘧疾就好似迦太基亡靈施加喺羅馬嘅詛咒一樣286Please respect copyright.PENANAD7xhgk9UlA
每年夏天炎熱潮濕時286Please respect copyright.PENANAxbQJ6qatNN
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命286Please respect copyright.PENANApyRHPZewbo
額我略十五世唔遲唔早286Please respect copyright.PENANAmMfFexeGCo
啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋286Please respect copyright.PENANAoRls6Pp8s4
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇286Please respect copyright.PENANAptZwRrOiAN
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世286Please respect copyright.PENANAwxVOj1o7q8
見到咁多同佢一樣本身位高權重嘅樞機蒙主寵召286Please respect copyright.PENANAeZaQpfs3AE
梗係嚇到鼻哥窿都冇肉啦286Please respect copyright.PENANAplErDe7DFf
佢下令要根治呢種沼澤毒氣所引發嘅疾病286Please respect copyright.PENANAeCU13sdiBp
咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史286Please respect copyright.PENANAwPkctOP4aN
當然唔會係阿教宗話要根治就根治到啦286Please respect copyright.PENANAR4TWdAt4Sg
中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾286Please respect copyright.PENANAhlzGv5UTET
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法286Please respect copyright.PENANAh5NOcdD2Pu
真係唔醫好過醫286Please respect copyright.PENANAIUaxAfxoLY
不過喺呢個大航海時代286Please respect copyright.PENANA274ISV7m1y
的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢286Please respect copyright.PENANAWVZurHsggh
16世紀起286Please respect copyright.PENANAnQiRDP4bPQ
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊286Please respect copyright.PENANAPJxtB4nNY1
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲286Please respect copyright.PENANALJRiPfSjCA
大量教廷嘅爪牙深入各地擴張教廷嘅影響力傳播上帝嘅愛286Please respect copyright.PENANAB9pbkPLwXl
呢啲傳教士並唔係普通嘅人286Please respect copyright.PENANABqcH14zSqN
嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣286Please respect copyright.PENANAw5lGO2sYAe
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目286Please respect copyright.PENANAQB25drtusW
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材286Please respect copyright.PENANAsEukdUXH7o
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英286Please respect copyright.PENANA6CVM4EgG4W
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落286Please respect copyright.PENANA8LgvkHUAAj
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦286Please respect copyright.PENANAwGleMKRlCD
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情286Please respect copyright.PENANAta3UqTUrzM
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....286Please respect copyright.PENANAY7dAv3xI9W
西方嘅眼界再唔局限喺歐亞大陸286Please respect copyright.PENANAvoi2uuVgBi
喺呢個地理大發現時代286Please respect copyright.PENANAxBCUFx5qPu
呢啲耶撚的確佔咗一個相當重要嘅位置286Please respect copyright.PENANAYSpB7DGYjt
呢個故事嘅主要成份286Please respect copyright.PENANACpRB4ssExq
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
間返返去十七世紀初286Please respect copyright.PENANAuzxZKR5Vqa
地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬286Please respect copyright.PENANAvQgJkV6tGE
自1535年西班牙佬征服呢度嘅印加人後286Please respect copyright.PENANA9oHmFCRTrI
呢塊位處於安第斯山脈同太平洋之間嘅沃土286Please respect copyright.PENANAJ7pyEDwBKc
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就唔同咁講喇286Please respect copyright.PENANAYBLaU8Vugs
要班盲字都唔識多隻嘅大兵286Please respect copyright.PENANAr16PiRDQP8
每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉286Please respect copyright.PENANAy51pPLzOUO
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病286Please respect copyright.PENANAO2htpvY09Y
服從性有幾高可想而知286Please respect copyright.PENANATdEZoydxyL
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫286Please respect copyright.PENANA5Y1Pcn3640
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話286Please respect copyright.PENANAbtFqQCoZ5v
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講286Please respect copyright.PENANAS9eRKWVwwL
無疑係甘上加甘286Please respect copyright.PENANASj93oLgeIo
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢286Please respect copyright.PENANA2sizj232bP
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,000286Please respect copyright.PENANAKPHRpEFh38
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度286Please respect copyright.PENANADkc1PwVITl
錢就使咗效果又冇286Please respect copyright.PENANAbVpDvp00Zk
咁點搞?286Please respect copyright.PENANAcmoo4IBIbc
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”286Please respect copyright.PENANAhHXBoVEtBp
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案286Please respect copyright.PENANAbki9yNK25x
作為糖嘅發源地286Please respect copyright.PENANAllzIXa3m58
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像286Please respect copyright.PENANA96QP3e8Mja
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右286Please respect copyright.PENANApgbigSTKO0
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官286Please respect copyright.PENANAAbImGS4Wzx
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:286Please respect copyright.PENANAB9LBw1hije
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧286Please respect copyright.PENANADbwFFjtsTV
溶入高濃度糖水286Please respect copyright.PENANAHxO4WAJXcy
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮286Please respect copyright.PENANAM60DqXPmMa
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿286Please respect copyright.PENANAavaVh8hJu8
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度286Please respect copyright.PENANAKVMo19glRY
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇286Please respect copyright.PENANA9dFZpiYkiH
啲軍官再進一步286Please respect copyright.PENANA71UVhCkXjY
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒286Please respect copyright.PENANA5H6YWxrLVB
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
286Please respect copyright.PENANA79NajaR3oY
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆286Please respect copyright.PENANAuJMminBfia
法國人曾經試過用紅酒286Please respect copyright.PENANAXQYFllCxgd
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪286Please respect copyright.PENANAJHarafo7QL
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水286Please respect copyright.PENANA7rDeXVwBJz
味道完全唔融和286Please respect copyright.PENANAqjzloSyZQQ
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味286Please respect copyright.PENANA5Mlpq7hD0v
後來研究發現286Please respect copyright.PENANAeMqmIx8d6w
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份286Please respect copyright.PENANA94pluqDKOg
同奎寧結合成聚合體286Please respect copyright.PENANAxiVTastwOx
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道286Please respect copyright.PENANAeVALXpSRrc
呢個偶然嘅發現286Please respect copyright.PENANAdciDLhiOK3
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎286Please respect copyright.PENANAGyWzUfGu9X
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵286Please respect copyright.PENANAvZ3ygCibmU
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧286Please respect copyright.PENANAdEqLNx32Oe
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥286Please respect copyright.PENANAQmthrYEhPd
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品286Please respect copyright.PENANARuDKejO65r
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度286Please respect copyright.PENANAv48MRJJ5R0
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品286Please respect copyright.PENANAZ9P1Zh6hIM
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)286Please respect copyright.PENANAbuCDstLNoq
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水286Please respect copyright.PENANAAIm8OO2lbR
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水286Please respect copyright.PENANAam0ZKhDTBd
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命286Please respect copyright.PENANAqn66sQSxzA
例如喺1875年286Please respect copyright.PENANAhtLWGY2pQN
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率286Please respect copyright.PENANAnMvMu5IiRO
已經跌到去1.5%286Please respect copyright.PENANA3BhnDIO2iT
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面286Please respect copyright.PENANA5idMdmmzUV
下集會講吓286Please respect copyright.PENANA3GZ5k0CouZ
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥286Please respect copyright.PENANAxzjeZyW4Xm
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運286Please respect copyright.PENANAIct3GhUsV3286Please respect copyright.PENANATB4UjvSOc4